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Countries with more than one capital

Ask for the capital of South Africa and there are three right answers. A few countries split the jobs of a capital between cities. Here is how four of them do it, and which city this site uses.

Updated October 29, 2026 · 7 sources

South Africa: three capitals

South Africa's government lists three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative) and Bloemfontein (judicial).1 The constitution itself fixes one of them: "The seat of Parliament is Cape Town."2 The same government page adds that the Constitutional Court sits in Johannesburg, which is none of the three.1

Bolivia: Sucre and La Paz

Bolivia's constitution is short on this point: "Sucre is the Capital of Bolivia."3 The government, however, sits in La Paz, which the Organization of American States lists as Bolivia's seat of government.4

The Netherlands: Amsterdam and The Hague

The Dutch constitution names Amsterdam only once, as the capital where a new king or queen is sworn in before both houses of parliament.5 Everyday politics happens in The Hague. Every year on Prince's Day, the King opens the parliamentary year there with the Speech from the Throne.6

Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya

Malaysia gives each of its federal territories a role: Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, Putrajaya the federal government's administrative centre. Putrajaya became a federal territory in 2001.7

Which one counts on this site

Here, and in the game, a country's capital is the city the state itself designates as its capital, not the seat of government and not the largest city. That makes Sucre, Amsterdam and Kuala Lumpur the answers. South Africa names three, and we use Pretoria, its administrative capital. The sources page explains the rule.

Sources

Every claim in this article, with where it comes from.

  1. South Africa at a glance, Department of International Relations and Cooperation (South Africa)
  2. Constitution of South Africa, section 42(6)
  3. Constitution of Bolivia, article 6
  4. Member State: Bolivia, Organization of American States
  5. Constitution of the Netherlands, article 32
  6. Prince's Day, Government of the Netherlands
  7. Federal territories, Department of Federal Territories (Malaysia)

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